Alan Kay was one of the dozen or so scientists who invented the personal computer. Alan and the other pioneers like Doug Englebart, were not aiming to create a new generic technology with the PC but rather their goal was to create tools to augment human intelligence individually and collectively. By studying the long journey of human progress they came to see that people’s understanding and capability co-evolves with their knowledge and tools. As Alan once said to me: “If every company uses the same commodity information tools, they will have commodity productivity levels.”