Bill George served as CEO of the Minneapolis-based medical technology company Medtronic from 1991 until 2001. Under his leadership, Medtronic’s market capitalization increased from $1.1 billion to $60 billion, averaging 35% in growth annually, and earnings quadrupled. In his new book, Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the Secrets to Creating Lasting Value (John Wiley & Sons, 2003), George calls for current and aspiring leaders to take a good, hard look at their roles in business and in life.

1. When did you realize a moral compass would be essential to your role as a leader?